Introduction :: Monaco
The Genoese built a fortress on the site of present day Monaco in 1215. The current ruling GRIMALDI family first seized control in 1297 but was not able to permanently secure its holding until 1419. Economic development was spurred in the late 19th century with a railroad linkup to France and the opening of a casino. Since then, the principality's mild climate, splendid scenery, and gambling facilities have made Monaco world famous as a tourist and recreation center.
Location:
Western Europe, bordering the Mediterranean Sea on the southern coast of France, near the border with Italy
Map references:
Area:
land:2 sq km
country comparison to the world: 255
about three times the size of the National Mall in Washington, DC
border countries (1): France 6 km
Maritime claims:
exclusive economic zone:12nm
Mediterranean with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers
Elevation:
highest point: Chemin des Revoires on Mont Agel 162 m
Land use:
arable land:0%(2011 est.) / permanent crops:1%(2011 est.) / permanent pasture:0%(2011 est.)
other:99%(2011 est.)
Population distribution:
the second most densely populated country in the world (after Macau); its entire population living on 2 square km
Environment - current issues:
no serious issues; actively monitors pollution levels in air and water
party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
second-smallest independent state in the world (after the Holy See); smallest country with a coastline; almost entirely urban
Population:
note: immigrants make up almost 68% of the total population, according to UN data (2019)
Nationality:
adjective: Monegasque or Monacan
Monegasque 32.1%, French 19.9%, Italian 15.3%, British 5%, Belgian 2.3%, Swiss 2%, German 1.9%, Russian 1.8%, American 1.1%, Dutch 1.1%, Moroccan 1%, other 16.6%
note: data represent population by country of birth
French 24.9%, Monegasque 22.5%, Italian 21.9%, British 7.5%, Swiss 3.2%, Belgian 2.9%, German 2.4%, Russian 2%, Dutch 1.5%, Portuguese 1.4%, Greek 1.1%, American 1%, other 7.7%
note: data represent population by nationality (2016 est.)
Religions:
Age structure:
15-24 years:9.52%(male 1,538/female 1,406)
55-64 years:15.47%(male 2,370/female 2,417)
65 years and over:35.15%(male 4,817/female 6,057)(2020 est.)
population pyramid:
This is the population pyramid for Monaco. A population pyramid illustrates the age and sex structure of a country's population and may provide insights about political and social stability, as well as economic development. The population is distributed along the horizontal axis, with males shown on the left and females on the right. The male and female populations are broken down into 5-year age groups represented as horizontal bars along the vertical axis, with the youngest age groups at the bottom and the oldest at the top. The shape of the population pyramid gradually evolves over time based on fertility, mortality, and international migration trends.
For additional information, please see the entry for Population pyramid on the Definitions and Notes page under the References tab.
male:53.7 years
country comparison to the world: 1
country comparison to the world: 165
country comparison to the world: 229
country comparison to the world: 24
country comparison to the world: 10
the second most densely populated country in the world (after Macau); its entire population living on 2 square km
rate of urbanization:0.51% annual rate of change(2015-20 est.)
total population growth rate v. urban population growth rate, 2000-2030:PDF
Sex ratio:
0-14 years:1.06 male(s)/female
25-54 years:1.03 male(s)/female
65 years and over:0.8 male(s)/female
Infant mortality rate:
male:2.1 deaths/1,000 live births
country comparison to the world: 227
male:85.4 years
country comparison to the world: 1
country comparison to the world: 195
total:100% of population
total:0% of population(2017 est.)
Physicians density:
Hospital bed density:
Sanitation facility access:
total:100% of population
total:0% of population(2017 est.)
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
HIV/AIDS - deaths:
Education expenditures:
country comparison to the world: 173
male:25.7%
country comparison to the world: 43
Country name:
conventional short form: Monaco
local short form: Monaco
etymology: founded as a Greek colony in the 6th century B.C., the name derives from two Greek words 'monos' (single, alone) and 'oikos' (house) to convey the sense of a people 'living apart' or in a 'single habitation'
Capital:
geographic coordinates: 43 44 N, 7 25 E
time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
none; there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 4 quarters (quartiers, singular - quartier); Fontvieille, La Condamine, Monaco-Ville, Monte-Carlo; note - Moneghetti, a part of La Condamine, is sometimes called the 5th quarter of Monaco
1419 (beginning of permanent rule by the House of GRIMALDI)
National Day (Saint Rainier's Day), 19 November (1857)
history: previous 1911 (suspended 1959); latest adopted 17 December 1962
amendments: proposed by joint agreement of the chief of state (the prince) and the National Council; passage requires two-thirds majority vote of National Council members; amended 2002
civil law system influenced by French legal tradition
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt
citizenship by descent only: the father must be a citizen of Monaco; in the case of a child born out of wedlock, the mother must be a citizen and father unknown
residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years
Executive branch:
chief of state: Prince ALBERT II (since 6 April 2005)
head of government: Minister of State Serge TELLE (since 1 February 2016)
cabinet: Council of Government under the authority of the

Legal Gambling Age In Monaco